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Breaking the hold of hip fractures … Novartis Pharmaceuticals announces the results of the first-ever clinical study in osteoporosis patients who have had a hip fracture. The study shows that a once-yearly infusion of Reclast® (zoledronic acid) injection reduced the risk of subsequent fractures by 35% compared to placebo.
This study, known as the Recurrent Fracture Trial, included more than 2,100 men and women and was an international multicenter randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase III study. The risk of death was reduced by 28% (a statistically significant difference) in the Reclast group compared with the control group (101 vs 141 deaths, respectively). The study was published online on September 17, 2007 as an early-release article in The New England Journal of Medicine and presented simultaneously at the annual meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
In the news release, Ethel Siris, M.D., professor of clinical medicine at Columbia University Medical Center, comments, "Experts agree that the serious consequences of osteoporosis can be prevented, yet the condition is often under-diagnosed and under-treated. This study underscores the importance of more aggressive evaluation and management of patients with osteoporotic fractures, including hip fracture. We know that such patients are at very high risk of future fractures and it is critical that we lower that risk to reduce the human suffering and economic costs from this disease worldwide.”
Added James Shannon, M.D., global head of development at Novartis Pharma AG, "This study builds upon the body of evidence for Reclast and is the first to show that osteoporosis treatment after a hip fracture can have a positive impact on the lives of patients. Reclast is an important new treatment option for millions of people who suffer from the potentially life-threatening consequences of osteoporosis."
Patients between the ages of 50 and 98 years who had experienced a recent hip fracture sustained with minimal trauma were randomly assigned to receive a once-yearly infusion of Reclast or placebo within 90 days of undergoing surgery to repair the hip fracture and every 12 months thereafter for up to three years. According to Novartis, the primary endpoint of the study was the effect of Reclast on new clinical fractures following baseline hip fracture. Secondary endpoints included the change in bone mineral density (BMD) in the non-fractured hip measured annually; spine, non-spine, and hip fractures; and prespecified safety endpoints, including death.
The risk of new spine fractures was reduced by 46%, and the risk of new non-spine fractures by 27%. Although the study was not designed to measure significant differences in hip fracture, the researchers noted a trend toward reduction in new hip fractures (30%). The investigators saw a decrease in mortality, with fewer patients who received Reclast dying following a fracture than those treated with placebo (9.6% vs 13.3%, respectively). They hypothesize that this reduction may have many causes but could be partly related to reduction in subsequent new fractures after the hip fracture. The researchers recommend further investigation.
As indicated by the company, this study further supports the demonstrated safety profile of Reclast. Analysis of key safety parameters, including kidney and cardiovascular safety (including atrial fibrillation) showed Reclast to be comparable with placebo. Incidence of renal events was similar between the Reclast and the placebo group (6.2% vs 5.6%, respectively). Atrial fibrillation, considered a serious adverse event, occurred in 1.1% of Reclast-treated patients compared to 1.3% of placebo-treated patients. No cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were seen in the study. The most common adverse events with Reclast were transient post-dose symptoms (eg, fever, muscular pain).
Approved by the FDA on August 17, 2007 as the first and only once-yearly treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, Reclast was also given a positive opinion recommending approval in the European Union in July 2007 under the brand name Aclasta®. Reclast, already approved in more than 60 countries for the treatment of Paget's disease of the bone, is undergoing more studies to examine its use to treat corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, male osteoporosis, and bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Data from this new study will be submitted to regulatory authorities worldwide by the end of 2007 to broaden the treatment indication for Reclast.
Patients should speak with their physicians regarding dosing, potential side effects, and contraindications.
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